Table 7 Drug and medical equipment policies to counteract economic crisis and their relationship to health system resilience components

Promoting drug production

Government support in increasing Cuba’s capacity for continuous drug production

Cuba [89]

*

*

*

*

*

Increase in the price of imported drugs

Brazil [87]

*

*

*

*

*

Implementation of the MediCuba program to reduce the import of final pharmaceutical products and increase the import of raw chemicals

Cuba [89]

*

*

*

*

*

Price control

Applying direct and indirect price reduction policies for drugs and medical equipment

England [77]

*

*

*

*

Reference pricing of drugs based on their cost–benefit assessment results

[96]

*

*

*

*

Promoting generic drug consumption

Argentina, England, Spain and Cuba [58, 71, 77, 78, 79]

*

*

*

*

Set of rules to reduce or control drug prices

Germany [52]

*

*

*

*

Control of consumption

Introducing a 10% copayment for previously free outpatient drugs and increasing the patient’s share of payment for drugs

Spain [24, 56]

*

*

*

*

Introducing evidence-based prescription tools including clinical guidelines, electronic prescriptions, etc

England [77]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Reducing medical equipment purchasing

England [77]

Spain [24]

*

*

*

*

Improving access to essential medicine for vulnerable populations

Diversification of sources of supply of medicine and medical equipment

Cuba [46]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Improving access to medicines by subsidizing them since 2004

Brazil [87]

*

*

*

*

*

Implementing Remediar for providing essential drugs for vulnerable groups

Argentina [39, 75, 79]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Adding to the list of essential medicine

England [87]

*

*

*

*

*

Evidence-based coverage

Improving evidence-based decision-making for coverage of cost–effective medicines

England and Brazil [63, 87]

Introducing HTA to determine drug and medical equipment coverage

England [77]

*

*

*

Creating standards for systematic evaluation of drug benefits/

Spain [52]

*

*

*

*

Promoting drug production

Government support in increasing Cuba’s capacity for continuous drug production

Cuba [89]

*

*

*

*

Increase in the price of imported drugs

Brazil [87]

*

*

*

*

Implementation of the MediCuba program to reduce the import of final pharmaceutical products and increase the import of raw chemicals

Cuba [89]

*

*

*

*

Price control

Applying direct and indirect price reduction policies for drugs and medical equipment

England [77]

*

*

Reference pricing of drugs based on their cost–benefit assessment results

[96]

*

*

Promoting generic drug consumption

Argentina, England, Spain and Cuba [58, 71, 77, 78, 79]

*

*

*

Set of rules to reduce or control drug prices

Germany [52]

*

*

*

Control of consumption

Introducing a 10% copayment for previously free outpatient drugs and increasing patients’ share of payment for drugs

Spain [24, 56]

*

*

*

*

Introducing evidence-based prescription tools including clinical guidelines, electronic prescriptions, etc

England [77]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Reducing medical equipment purchasing

England [77]

Spain [24]

*

*

*

Improving access to essential medicine for vulnerable populations

Diversification of sources of supply of medicine and medical equipment

Cuba [46]

*

*

Improving access to medicines by subsidizing them since 2004

Brazil [87]

*

*

Implementing Remediar for providing essential drugs for vulnerable groups

Argentina [39, 75, 79]

*

*

*

*

*

Adding to the list of essential medicine

England [87]

*

*

Evidence-based coverage

Improving evidence-based decision-making for coverage of cost–effective medicines

England and Brazil [63, 87]

Introducing HTA to determine drug and medical equipment coverage

England [77]

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Creating standards for systematic evaluation of drug benefits/

Spain [52]

*

*

*

*

*

*

*