Table 6 Financing policies to counteract economic crisis and their relationship to health system resilience components

Decision regarding the share of government and private-sector contribution in health financing

Public financing and free service coverage

Cuba [50]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Reducing the share of health system support from GDP and increasing private insurances

Brazil [93, 97]

*

*

*

*

*

Increasing households contributions

Brazil [97]

*

*

*

*

*

Increasing private-sector contribution

Argentina [75]

*

*

*

*

*

Decision regarding the contribution of households to revenue collection

Linking copayments or the insurance premium to the income tithe

Spain [24, 56, 59]

*

*

*

*

Reducing the contribution of low-income vulnerable patients on insurance funds/

Germany [54]

*

*

*

*

Restructuring co-payment on the basis of services classification (basic, supplementary or accessory)/determining the franchise for supplementary and ancillary services

Spain [71, 86]

*

*

*

*

Introducing co-insurance for drugs

Spain [86]

*

*

*

*

Increasing the contribution rate of workers compared with employers to health insurance funds

Germany [52]

*

*

*

*

*

Making it mandatory to have private or government insurance

Germany [52]

*

*

*

*

*

Unification of contribution rates in all funds

Germany [54]

*

*

*

*

Shifting pooling source

Increasing private insurance/developing private financing programs

Brazil [98]

Spain [24]

*

*

*

*

*

Empowering pooling source

Empowering the redistribution funds which distribute contributions among various insurance funds

Argentina [79], Germany [52, 54, 96]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Improving insurance organizations through increasing their share by redistributing the insurance fund

Argentina [79]

*

*

*

*

*

*

Reducing the benefit package

Reducing resource allocation to governmental health promotion services

Brazil [97, 99]

*

*

*

*

Reducing the benefit package to more emergency services

Argentina [78, 79]

*

*

*

*

*

Providing benefits to people who are 65 years and older and disabled who are in the lower income deciles

Brazil [42]

*

*

*

*

*

*

More restricted eligibility criteria for free healthcare services

Spain [24, 56, 59]

*

*

*

*

Reducing spending on hospitals and treatment services

Determining a health system spending ceiling

Brazil [42, 90, 98]

*

*

*

*

Determining a monthly cost ceiling for pharmaceutical services

Spain [86]

*

*

*

*

Reducing hospital costs through price reductions

England [77]

*

*

*

*

Reducing capital investment at hospitals

England [77]

*

*

*

*

Extending DRG

Germany [96]

*

*

*

Decision regarding the share of government and private-sector contribution in health financing

Public financing and free service coverage

Cuba [50]

*

*

Reducing the share of health system support from GDP and increasing private insurances

Brazil [93, 97]

*

*

Increasing households contributions

Brazil [97]

*

*

Increasing private-sector contribution

Argentina [75]

*

*

Decision regarding the contribution of households to revenue collection

Linking copayments or the insurance premium to the income tithe

Spain [24, 56, 59]

*

*

*

*

Reducing the contribution of low-income vulnerable patients on insurance funds/

Germany [54]

*

*

*

*

Restructuring co-payment on the basis of services classification (basic, supplementary or accessory)/determining the franchise for supplementary and ancillary services

Spain [71, 86]

*

*

*

*

Introducing co-insurance for drugs

Spain [86]

*

*

*

Increasing the contribution rate of workers compared with employers to the health insurance funds

Germany [52]

*

*

Making it mandatory to have private or government insurance

Germany [52]

*

*

*

*

Unification of contribution rates in all funds

Germany [54]

*

*

*

*

Shifting pooling source

Increasing private insurance/developing private financing programs

Brazil [98]

Spain [24]

*

*

Empowering pooling source

Empowering the redistribution funds which distribute contributions among various insurance funds

Argentina [79], Germany [52, 54, 96]

*

*

Improving insurance organizations through increasing their share by redistributing the insurance fund

Argentina [79]

*

*

Reducing the benefit package

Reducing resource allocation to governmental health promotion services

Brazil [97, 99]

*

*

Reducing the benefit package to more emergency services

Argentina [78, 79]

*

*

*

*

Providing benefits to people who are 65 years and older and disabled who are in the lower income deciles

Brazil [42]

*

More restricted eligibility criteria for free healthcare services

Spain [24, 56, 59]

*

*

*

Reducing spending on hospitals and treatment services

Determining a health system spending ceiling

Brazil [42, 90, 98]

*

*

*

Determining a monthly cost ceiling for pharmaceutical services

Spain [86]

*

*

*

Reducing hospital costs through price reductions

England [77]

*

*

*

Reducing capital investment at hospitals

England [77]

*

*

*

Extending DRG

Germany [96]

*

*

*

*

*